*These authors contributed equally to this work. endobj x��\[s��~ׯ8���32���/M�I�&�2�L&K`In`�@��!��=gwAB�%�bydS4oߞ����{q��������7��W����o�{u���~À�o��z �����w��+���֍���&��Q��P�O�s�Ku�#�y�'�, �(��7~��>)� �,O��#~��̇w�x7� “Our work has reduced evolution to be an extremely rapid, straightforward and scalable process.”Previously, for scientists to screen biomolecules to see if a desired function has been achieved, they needed to build a DNA library in a test tube and insert that DNA into the cells, a laborious and difficult process. The technique that Professor Liu and Dr. Ravikumar have developed will stimulate new applications and new avenues of investigation which will continue to expand our ability to compose new DNA.” For example, in their study, the UCI researchers described how they evolved an enzyme in 90 replicate experiments in order to figure out all the ways it could adapt to a certain condition – in this case how a malarial target could develop resistance to a certain drug.“There are many ways of solving a particular evolutionary challenge such as drug resistance, so the ability to run evolution experiments at the scale that we have allows us to capture and understand more of those possibilities, giving us therapeutically relevant insights into how resistance arises,” Liu said.Future work will focus on getting the new platform to continuously evolve disease-fighting antibodies and valuable enzymes for drug synthesis, he added.“Instead of having to inject an antigen into an animal in order to isolate an antibody, imagine just putting it into a culture of yeast cells and having it come out as a specific antibody,” he said. 6Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. �-�m���#�^��$�!��G ��u ���M!E�ɶk������=�^��wJ�Eщ�/���w�?Ns�2�MlU�wR5��J4+��e��Ztk5��~�Y��>�g�=鋞k�G^����\sx���^
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zh��|�'Ϲ�w2c(O�ܸ��ĉ�y��̜�3�[��O|+��5�W�[+@:Fή� �nD k��k��9%���B/I�@d�Z�����w��WWF���5oV�2/ȎV����E�ś6Z-E��@-��!\M&˼�mY���E��T]ڮ/����l�x�l�T�i��E >Fe��3�_������)=?��3��[c�����ț��q�Q�l�� |Xbx
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��*W6���9��o�ßۃ;��>gr�Ԑ��2D抻���b`#�P�E_�:K�P��0YL$~���$���KYH$^J˾)�jB�k� E���N^�g^�6����'?�4�{�KlE�6�*��X������e� ���~7D"�`�F����7���Eߑ�j�+�ALb�]r�z�Zj� “But if each cycle requires repetitious test-tube DNA molecular biology processing, you can only reasonably go through a few iterations,” he said.“In contrast, natural evolution runs cycles continuously, essentially by culturing cells over time in an environment that pressures them to develop some new function; the problem from a biomolecular engineering standpoint is that the process is very slow,” Liu added. Image credit: Kim Makuch / UCI“By moving high rates of diversification into cells in a targeted manner, we can grow and pressure those cells to evolve into something new from any genes of our choosing,” said first author Arjun Ravikumar, who earned his Ph.D. in biomedical engineering at UCI earlier this month. Chang Liu (right), UCI assistant professor of biomedical engineering, and Arjun Ravikumar, who recently earned his Ph.D. in biomedical engineering at UCI, collaborated on a study published in Cell that details a new method for simplifying and accelerating directed evolution experiments in labs. << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /LastModified (D:20200731135930-04'00') /Resources 2 0 R /MediaBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /CropBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /BleedBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /TrimBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /ArtBox [0.000000 0.000000 595.276000 841.890000] /Contents 16 0 R /Rotate 0 /Group << /Type /Group /S /Transparency /CS /DeviceRGB >> /Annots [ 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R ] /PZ 1 >>
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