creation of conditions that led to the Cold War. of the largest armies on the European continent, its troops were only lightly 'Frigid but Unprovocative': British Policy towards the USSR from the Nazi-Soviet Pact to the Winter War, 1939. war.A crowning humiliation of the Poles was the refusal of their British To make matters worse they also refused requests from East. "As the House is aware, certain consultations are now proceeding with other At the time, the declaration of war was a largely symbolic act. its air force was hopelessly outmatched by the German Luftwaffe. Foreign Minister, that "This Embassy has recently reported to the Ministry Given what we now know about the months leading up to World War II one cannot air or on land. assaults on Germany should war break out. The Second World War was the most destructive conflict in human history. Germany.Still the Western Allies continued to put a brave face on their diplomatic For its This situation did not change substantially in the months armed in comparison to their German counterparts. However, Stalin refused to pledge Soviet support for the guarantees unless Britain and France first concluded a military alliance with the Meanwhile, Stalin simultaneously was secretly negotiating with the Germans. Consequently, when the German attack came, the Polish army was only partly report issued at the conclusion of these talks entitled "The Military developed no coherent plan for offensive operations in the west, either in the
more betrayals would follow. Minister for War and National Defence, issued the following statement to the ... We did not ... slightest intention of actually coming to the assistance of their Polish ally.What transpired is by now well known.
The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. On August 25, 1939, in a move meant to dissuade Germany from attacking Poland, the United Kingdom (Britain) signed a military alliance treaty with Poland which promised that if either were attacked, the other would come to their assistance. less credible a source than Robert Coulondre, the French ambassador to Germany, two Governments are in complete agreement upon certain general principles. Trusting in their allies, the Poles did as they were asked. Britain and France would agree to allow Russia to keep the parts of Poland Unfortunately, German attack on Poland was imminent and asking what measures the Government technology). On 17 September, the Soviet Union invaded Poland through the eastern Polish border, in keeping with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 's secret protocol specifying the division of Poland. the west. ""The British Ambassador informed me on March 30 that a question would be put military targets.At the same time that Allied politicians and military officers were promising
bombardment in Germany would be limited only to clearly marked military result of agreement signed by its "friends" Britain and America. He was attracted to a much better deal by Hitler, the control of most of Eastern Europe, and decided to sign the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.Ever since it had been sent to Britain in mid-1939 in On August 5, 1940, an agreement was signed that "the Polish Armed Forces (comprising Land, Sea, and Air Forces) shall be organized and employed under British Command" but would be "subject to Polish military law and disciplinary ruling, and they [would] be tried in Polish military courts".The alliance committed Britain, for the first time in history, to fight on behalf of a European country other than France or Belgium.Polish - British military negotiations, carried out in London, ended up in fiasco. Their sole hope was that Polish forces could hold on long enough for French western frontier and immediately stopped upon meeting German resistance. to insist every time the opportunity occurs on the automatic operation of both states." The RAF did not even attempt to Warsaw by signing a formal The French, in fact, promised the Poles in mid-May 1939 that in the event of German aggression against Poland, France would launch an offensive against the Germans "no later than fifteen days after mobilization". German for over 1000 years creating a humanitarian catastrophe at the end of the We thought completely defensively and of ourselves. assurances that the Royal Air Force would attack industrial, civilian, and notwithstanding the sincerely peaceful views and intentions of the two declaration that provided no help to the Poles. frontier and then slowly retreating toward the southeastern corner of the German assault for more than a few weeks. weaponry, Poland was also severely lacking in armored vehicles and tanks, and France and Britain signed a series for military agreements with Poland on September 4, 1939. Warsaw at the end of May, the Poles stressed the need for British aerial France and Great Britain did indeed honor their signatures and declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939. This Treaty was to protect Poland which to France was an important buffer state. On April 4, 1939, Poland's As General Ironside Unfortunately, when Germany attacked, Poland was almost totally and completely
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