Pension systems can play a role in allowing beneficiaries to maintain living standards they enjoyed in the later years of their working lives. of GDP in this time period, the increase in social protection expenditure as a percentage of GDP was compensated by a decrease in all other government expenditure functions except health. This was during the largest rise in GDP over the period (4.7%) and an increase of 4.3% in spending in the old age category. GDP fell by 2.2% and expenditure on old age social protection rose by 7.8%1.
Similarly, tax relief for social purposes which reduce indirect taxes are not accounted for. The Disability category of ESSPROS records expenditure on cash benefits and goods and services for disabled people below retirement ageIn 2013, the UK spent £30 billion on benefits in the Disability category. GDP at current prices is used. To ensure a meaningful comparison over time, expenditure has been deflated to 2013 prices throughout this sectionThe right hand axis highlights the UK’s rank among the selected countries in terms of its expenditure per capita on disability benefits. The UK was fourteenth of the 33 selected countries. This reflects government's core function to redistribute income and wealth, financed by compulsory payments. It includes reliable and internationally comparable statistics on public and (mandatory and voluntary) private social expenditure at programme level as well as net (after tax) social spending indicators.
In that year incremental increases in state pension age for women designed to bring the state pension of females into line with that of males by 2018 were introduced. Public expenditure on family by type of expenditure (cash and in kind), in % GDP. This appears to be consistent with experiences of other countries as the UK continued to be ranked fourteenth despite these decreases in disability expenditure.The ESSPROS Manual describes disability as the full or partial inability to engage in economic activity or to lead a normal life due to a physical or mental impairment that is likely to be either permanent or to persist beyond a minimum prescribed period.The consumer price index has been used as a deflator.In 2013, the United Kingdom spent £394 per capita in the housing category of social protection, which is the equivalent of 1.5% of GDP. From April 2012 onwards, the basic state pension in the UK, the largest single component of old age social protection expenditure, was subject to a new rule known as the "triple guarantee". Social contributions by employers are all costs incurred by employers to secure entitlement to social benefits for their employees, former employees and their dependants; they can be paid by resident or non-resident employers. Some of the functions have a natural tendency to be counter-cyclical, even without a change in policy. In 2016, old age and sickness/healthcare together accounted for more than two thirds (67 %) of the EU’s social protection expenditure. Around 5 % of expenditure in this function was in the form of compensation of employees, e.g. Female beneficiaries rose in 2008 and in 2009, by 1.7 % in both years. Social expenditure comprises cash benefits, direct in-kind provision of goods and services, and tax breaks with social purposes.
A so-called ‘restricted approach’ is used which means that it is strictly limited to measuring the impact of the fiscal system on gross cash benefits reported in the ESSPROS core system (benefits in kind are not covered). The ratio of government social protection expenditure to GDP varied across EU Member States from less than 10 % in Ireland (9.0%) to around a quarter in Finland (24.1%). Administrative expenditure data is additionally collected in so-called satellite accounts.
In 2018 in the EU-27, social benefits and social transfers in kind made up 89 % of of expenditure in the social protection COFOG division. Social protection represented the largest area of general government expenditure in 2018 in all EU Member States. By contrast, there was a reduction in the relative share of employers’ social contributions, from 36.5 % to 34.9 % over the same period. The ranks are calculated using Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) per capita to ensure a meaningful international comparison.The 2 lowest ranking categories are Unemployment and Survivors. For these countries, 2012 observations have been used wherever the selected countries are ranked in this article. The figures are based on aggregate expenditure and the number of beneficiaries for a wide range of different types of pension — granted under different circumstances and serving various distinct purposes — in each of the EU Member States; invariably, different pension In 2016, pension expenditure per beneficiary for old age pensions (the most common type of pension) varied across the EU Member States from EUR 1.9 thousand in Bulgaria to EUR 26 600 in Luxembourg (see Figure 8). The transmission of the COFOG I level breakdown (divisions) is compulsory for the years 1995 onwards (subject to derogations), whereas information on the COFOG II level (COFOG groups) is provided on a compulsory basis for the reference years 2001 onwards. Social contributions made by protected persons comprise contributions paid by employees, by the self-employed and by pensioners and other persons. Benefits may be targeted at low-income households, the elderly, disabled, sick, unemployed, or young persons.
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eurostat social expenditure