Over 215,000 people died from this disaster.
They may be caused by landslides, volcanic explosions, bolides and seismic activity.If the first part of a tsunami to reach land is a trough (called a drawback) rather than a wave crest, the water along the shoreline recedes dramatically, exposing normally submerged areas.A drawback occurs because the tectonic plate on one side of the fault line sinks suddenly during the earthquake, causing the overlaying water to propagate outwards with the trough of the wave at its front. It was caused by an earthquake. It is also for this reason that there would not be any drawback when the tsunami travelling on the other side arrives ashore, as the tectonic plate is "raised" on that side of the fault line.Drawback begins before the wave's arrival at an interval equal to half of the wave's period. The term tsunami comes from the Japanese, meaning \"harbor\" (tsu) and \"wave\" (nami). A large tsunami may feature multiple waves arriving over a period of hours, with significant time between the wave crests.
If the slope of the coastal seabed is moderate, drawback can exceed hundreds of meters. It was centered in the ocean near the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Its wavelength diminishes to less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) and its amplitude grows enormously, producing a distinctly visible wave. Of these, many were recorded in the AsiaâPacific regionâparticularly Japan.The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed over 200,000 people with many bodies either being lost to the sea or unidentified.According to an article in Geographical magazine (April 2008), the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004 was not the worst that the region could expect. The first wave to reach the shore may not have the highest run up.About 80% of tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean, but are possible wherever there are large bodies of water, including lakes.
Ships rarely notice their passage.As the tsunami approaches the coast and the waters become shallow, wave shoaling compresses the wave and its velocity slows below 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph). Except for the very largest tsunamis, the approaching wave does not break (like a surf break), but rather appears like a fast moving tidal bore. Some regions with a high risk of tsunamis may use warning systems to warn the general population before the big waves reach the land.
(For the plural, one can either follow ordinary English practice and add an s, or use an invariable plural as in the Japanese. This is misleading, because tsunamis are not related to tides.Some tsunamis can be caused by the overlapping of tectonic plates.There are only a few other languages that have a native word for this disastrous wave. Since the wave still has such a long wavelength, the tsunami may take minutes to reach full height. In recent years, this term has fallen out of favor, especially in the scientific community, because tsunami actually have nothing to do with tides. Open bays and coastlines adjacent to very deep water may shape the tsunami further into a step-like wave with a steep-breaking front.When the tsunami's wave peak reaches the shore, the resulting temporary rise in sea level is termed run up. People unaware of the danger sometimes remain near the shore to satisfy their curiosity or to collect fish from the exposed seabed. The water will draw back from the coast half of the period of the wave before it gets to the coast. Difficulties in calculating the potential energy of the tsunami means that this scale is rarely used.The following have at various times been associated with a tsunami:Tsunami are not rare, with at least 25 tsunami occurring in the last century. In the Tamil language, the word is While everyday wind waves have a wavelength (from crest to crest) of about 100 metres (330 ft) and a height of roughly 2 metres (6.6 ft), a tsunami in the deep ocean has a wavelength of about 200 kilometres (120 mi). Such a wave travels at well over 800 kilometres per hour (500 mph), but due to the enormous wavelength the wave oscillation at any given point takes 20 or 30 minutes to complete a cycle and has an amplitude of only about 1 metre (3.3 ft). Because an earthquake that caused the tsunami can be felt before the wave gets to the shore, people can be warned to go somewhere safe.The deadliest tsunami recorded was on December 26, 2004. Tsunamis can not be prevented, but there are ways to help stop people from dying from a tsunami. The earthquake was said to had magnitude 9.3 on the Richter scale.
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